188 results
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... anemia (TTP, HUS ... #Anemia #Differential
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... anemia (e.g. ... anemia Sickled ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... interpretation #clinical #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... anemia, Thalassemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
anemia, Chronic ... disease anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Anemia, Mechanical ... anemia Stomatocyte
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
particular degree of anemia ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... failure: Aplastic anemia ... Hospital-acquired anemia ... anemia, Intrinsic
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
Causes of Anemia ... RETIC INDEX: • Blood ... syndrome, Spur cell anemia ... anemia, Hemolysis ... Kumfer @AnnKumfer #Anemia
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Anemias: - Spherocytosis ... of red blood cell ... anemia, PNH, immune ... - Pernicious anemia ... - Iron deficiency
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Labs: Ferritin, iron, transferrin, TIBC, TSAT, sTfR

 • Blood loss:
Iron Deficiency ... Anemia - Differential ... TSAT, sTfR • Blood ... extravascular) hemolysis ... #Anemia #Differential
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... chemotherapy, Athletes • Blood ... , Menorrhagia, Blood ... hepcidin) • Others: Hemolysis ... differential #diagnosis #anemia
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
-12, or folate deficiency ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic ... anemia • Splenomegaly