13 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... diarrhea), Sweat (Cystic ... - Normal/low ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Sweat: Cystic ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic ... Renal Mass - Differential ... leukocytosis, Positive Gallium ... #RenalMass #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... Liver disease, Kidney ... Disease (CKD) - Metabolism ... Syndrome - Calcium ... #differential #
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Hyperoxaluria • Cystine ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #Causes #Kidney ... #differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... ultrasonography, serum calcium ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... >2000 mg/day) Cystine ... amino acids in kidney ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... hypercalcemia Vitamin D metabolic ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low