39 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
, Differential Diagnosis ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... - RTA - Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... volume loss - diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... • Small bowel diarrhea ... Steatorrhea • Chronic Diarrhea ... #causes