18 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption # ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table ... Loop #Thiazide #CHF
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... modify immune function ... component of Nephron: CHF ... • Increase H2O absorption ... nephrology #Effects #pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... decreased iron absorption ... with TSAT <20% (functional ... iron #deficiency #CHF
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
CHF - Left-Sided ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diastolic/Systolic Function ... Constriction #CHF ... #causes
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Intake / Absorption ... Impaired Renal Function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
pulmonary disease or CHF ... Treat underlying cause ... pulmonary disease or CHF ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #comparison #table