13 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... @kdjhaveri #Hypercalcemia ... #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Constipation - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Iron, Aluminum, ... Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia ... #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... absorption and ... endpoint of all-cause
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... loss of sites of absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Fe #algorithm
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperplasia • Constipation ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Clozapine Toxicology
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic most often reserved for use in patients who have treatment-resistant
Pharmacokinetics - Absorption ... absorbed with an oral bioavailability ... incontinence - constipation ... Clozapine is known to cause
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... maintains appropriate ion ... Complications: • Hyperkalemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... incr gut Ca2+ absorption ... is inhibited by iron ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology