27 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Acetazolamide, Loop ... Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption # ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table ... #Thiazide #CHF
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
• Increase Na reabsorption ... in Proximal, loop ... component of Nephron: CHF ... • Increase H2O absorption ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (Edematous) - Look ... treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Isosmotic reabsorption ... organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... limb of Henle's loop ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased intake/absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... MGUS - Poor reabsorption ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... • Inhibit Na+ reabsorption ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes