15 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Peripheral blood ... disease, drugs, transfusions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... dietary intake • Blood ... transfusion • ... of injection Decreased ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal ... Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... transfusion • ... Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Crush injury • Blood ... transfusion • ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Crush injury • Blood ... transfusion • ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cause - Decreased ... acidosis - Cl⁻ decrease ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... • Blood loss: ... Intravascular hemolysis ... MALABSORPTION • Decreased ... #Fe #algorithm
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
) because they increase ... cerebral blood ... consider platelet transfusion ... = dilated BV = raises ... Pathophysiology #neurology