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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia potassium hematology treatment high neurology product reactions algorithm coagulation dic disseminated dm2 elevated elevation encephalopathy false hba1c
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... #diagnosis #management
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Blood Transfusion ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... dietary intake • Blood ... transfusion • ... of injection Decreased ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... transfusion • ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... transfusion • ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... transfusion • ... Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ICH Management: 1. Manage Blood Pressure •
Pathophysiology ICH Management ... consider platelet transfusion ... = dilated BV = raises ... Pathophysiology #neurology ... #neurosurgery #management
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
ABO incompatible blood ... transfusion • ... Treat primary cause ... hydration • RBC transfusion ... #treatment #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
injury, ischemia, hemolysis ... , transfusions), ... Pseudohyperkalemia - hemolysis ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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