21 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- CHF - Cirrhosis ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubal acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Algorithm #Diagnosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis (type ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Na delivery): CHF ... Elimination (see Table ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K