26 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... - Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Classification #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic: Conn ... #Differential # ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... cisplatin) - Chronic ... hypokalemia - ... #Differential #
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... solute intake, Renal ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... failure • Chronic ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
- Differential ... Urine pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... tract obstruction, Chronic ... Tubular #Acidosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Options Stabilize ... (if preserved renal ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology