165 results
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential ... - Structural - Cysts ... Anticoagulation, Facititious hematuria ... #Hematuria #Differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Unilateral Acute Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Painful - Cornea
 • Keratopathy
Painful - No Abnormalities of
Vision Loss - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Painful - No Abnormalities ... #VisionLoss #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
pattern includes abnormalities ... Emphysema - Lung cysts ... LowAttenuation #Differential ... TractionBronchiectasis #Cysts
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential ... white blood cell casts ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts