3824 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Aldosterone) - Diabetic ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... disease • Diabetes ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Uncontrolled diabetes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... Onglyza) - Once/day tablet ... Tradjenta) - Once/day tablet ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 #diabetes
Risk Factors for Septic Arthritis
Contiguous spread

Skin infection, cutaneous ulcers

Direct inoculation

Previous intraarticular injection

Prosthetic joint: early and delayed
early and delayed (Table ... Hematogenous spread Diabetes ... Osteoarthritis Other cause ... Prosthetic joint: late (Table
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Ozempic), or daily tablet ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 #diabetes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes ... #Medications #Table
Clinical Characteristics of Simple vs Complex Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 
Simple CL
 - Caused by a Leishmania species
Simple CL - Caused ... Small lesion size (diameter ... ) Complex CL: Caused ... individual skin lesion (diameter ... diagnosis #comparison #table
Summary table of mechanism of action, side effect and contraindications of commonly used diabetic drugs. 

#pharmacology
Summary table of ... commonly used diabetic ... pharmacology #dm2 #diabetes