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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Differential Diagnosis ... Table Warm AIHA ... Cold Agglutinin Disease ... #Table #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... - Autoimmune (AIHA ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... - Autoimmune (AIHA ... #hematology #anemia
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Signs ... Anemias (AIHAs) ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Treatment #management ... #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA ... , Drugs, Liver Disease ... #hematology
Expected DAT Results in Autoimmune Hemolysis
DAT Negative Hemolysis
 • DAT Poly ( - ), IgG (
in Autoimmune Hemolysis ... DAT Negative Hemolysis ... ), C3d ( - ) WAIHA ... Cold agglutinin disease ... #hematology #diagnosis
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious
 • Bacterial
 • Viral (EBV)
 • Parasitic
 • Fungal
Congestive
- Differential Diagnosis ... Inflammatory • Systemic Lupus ... Serum Sickness Hemolytic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... for Hemolytic Anemia ... Causes: • Liver disease ... Hypersplenism • AIHA ... classification #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Congenital Diseases ... : • Systemic lupus ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... #Hematology