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differential algorithm hyponatremia injury kidney kidneyinjury management microscopy treatment workup acutekidneyinjury hematuria rhabdomyolysis ain alkalosis anasarca atlas blood checklist clinicopathology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Interstitial Nephritis ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
General approach to AKI ... performance for diagnosing ... acute tubular interstitial ... nephritis ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #nephrology #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume
white blood cell casts ... tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... underlying cause ... Kidney #Injury #AKI
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
mimics, repeat testing ... • Acute onset ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #nephrology
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