31 results
Diagnostic Algorithm for the Patient with Seizure in the Emergency Department
Does the history suggest a seizure?
Diagnostic Algorithm ... additional symptoms (eg ... speech abnormality, etc ... #Diagnosis #Seizure ... #management #Neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... #neurology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Indications for ... Hypertonic Saline: seizure ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
IL-2 therapy, Diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology ... #Medications
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Polyuria ... mosm/kg • Solute Diuresis ... solute intake (e.g ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology