24 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
PTH) Effect in Calcium ... absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Thyrotoxicosis • Paget's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... and intestinal calcium ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... #Differential #
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
Calcium homeostasis ... increase serum calcium ... and stimulating bone ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... Hyperthyroidism • Paget's ... disease of bone ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
different types of bone ... involucrum • Paget ... lytic-blastic phase • Paget ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
- Accelerated Bone ... Formation: Hungy Bone ... Syndrome - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #