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Risk factors for atherosclerosis

Modifiable risk factors:
 - Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL, decreased HDL)
 - Tobacco smoking
 -
Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL ... , decreased HDL)
Abnormal Lipid Profiles - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Increased Cholesterol and Triglycerides 
 - Genetic Causes
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypothyroidism Decreased HDL ... Androgens Increased LDL ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Fibrates - Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate 
Mechanism: activates PPAR alpha
Lipid Effects:
 - Decrease TG by 30-50%
 -
50% - Increase HDL ... - Decrease LDL
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
/Secretion → ↑ LDL ... Production → ↑ LDL ... Receptors → ↑ LDL ... Clearance → ↓ Plasma LDL-C
Acute Coronary Syndrome - Diagnostic Likelihood Ratios for Symptoms and Physical Examination. Source: Fanaroff AC, Rymer
Coronary Syndrome - Diagnostic ... Goldstein SA, Simel DL ... : The Rational Clinical ... #EBM #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - RIFLE and AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of AKI
 • AKIN
AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis ... in SCr ≥ 0.3 mg/dL ... or to ≥ 400 mg/dL ... increase of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL ... AKIN #Criteria #Diagnosis
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
acid ≥ 8.0 mg/dL ... Potassium ≥ 6.0 mEq/dL ... Calcium ≤ 7.0 mg/dL ... Clinical TLS: ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Algorithm in Suspected Bacterial Peritonitis

 - Infographic by IDagram
@ID_agram

Runyon Criteria for Secondary Peritonitis (two of the
total protein >1 g/dL ... glucose <50 mg/dL ... Peritonitis #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Diagnosis of ascites ... protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL ... protein ≥ 2.5 g/dL ... #differential #diagnosis
Ranson's Criteria in Pancreatitis 
At Admission: 
 - Age > 55 years 
 - WBCs >
Glucose > 200 mg/dl ... BUN rise > 5 mg/dl ... Calcium < 8 mg/dl ... #Pancreatitis #Diagnosis