19 results
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Diagnosis Algorithm Signs ... of anemia and hemolysis ... Immune-mediated Hemolysis ... Nonimmune-mediated Hemolysis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Immunosuppression, Splenectomy Cold ... Mostly transient hemolysis ... BostonChiefs #Warm #Cold ... #hematology #diagnosis
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... Complement-Mediated • Cold ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... Autoimmune (AIHA)"Cold ... (e.g. primary cold ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... • hemolytic anemia ... • Compensated hemolysis ... intravascular hemolysis ... #hematology #diagnosis
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Urobilinogen #Hemolysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... > 10, no more hemolysis ... azathioprine Cold ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Treatment #management #hematology
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... gain, Anorexia, Cold ... Pericardial effusion, Cold ... Slow-relaxing reflexes, Anaemia ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Landolfi’s Sign on Physical Exam

A 73-year-old man presented with shortness of breath. On ocular exam, pupil
Landolfi’s Sign ... Exam A 73-year-old ... to have severe aortic ... In severe aortic ... #PhysicalExam #
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Agglutination - Cold ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis ... ARUPLabs #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Algorithm #workup #hematology