6685 results
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
Corticosteroids • Hypo/hyperthyroidism ... Kidney #renal #diagnosis ... #laboratory #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic - Hypothyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
- Differential Diagnosis ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid <4 • SIADH, Hypothyroidism ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... • SIADH • hypothyroidism ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Hypothyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... Metabolic Causes: • Hyperthyroidism ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis