2564 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... • Euvolemic - Hypothyroidism ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Hypothyroidism ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid <4 • SIADH, Hypothyroidism ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
• SIADH • hypothyroidism ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
• Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... Metabolic Causes: • Hyperthyroidism ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome ... metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... hormone secretion, Hyperthyroidism ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology