38 results
Mixed Cellular Casts on Urine Microscopy

Degenerating mixed cellular cast - brightfield, unstained - from patient with
Mixed Cellular Casts ... on Urine Microscopy ... pneumococcal sepsis and AKI ... #Cellular #Casts ... #clinical #Urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury (AKI ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI ... Cast formation:
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... glucosuria Low Urine ... #Causes