50 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... nephrology #sodium #high
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drug-induced • High ... acidosis - Renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... endocrinology #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Excesses • Liver/Renal ... • Hypercalcemia ... • Hypocalcemia ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
+2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... , ileal loop ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes