28 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Aldosterone: Malignant ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... for malignancy-associated ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... pathology • Malignancy ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... ↑ Aldosterone: Malignant ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... pathology • Malignancy ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Causes