85 results
diagnosis management neurology differential syndrome algorithm pharmacology causes hematology clinical hyponatremia physicalexam alkalosis cardiology deficiency gitelman hypokalemia metabolic potassium rheumatology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al ... aldosteronism • High Al ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology ... Parietal Cells, x HCL ... Autoimmune #Gastritis #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
release • ↓ Cl ... syndrome #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Complications of CKD - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL ... 4-5 (GFR < 30 mL ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization Anterior Circulation - MCA -
Circulation - MCA ... - ACA - Lenticulostriate ... Localization #Effects #Neurology ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Stroke Territory Localization and Blood Vessel Supply ACA (Anterior Cerebral Artery) - Leg weakness/numbness MCA Superior Divison -
Vessel Supply ACA ... weakness/numbness MCA ... arm weak/numb MCA ... - No weakness MCA ... #localization #neurology
Algorithm for the Treatment of Uremic Pruritus Nonpharmacologic Treatments: • Daily topical emollient • Avoidance of extremes
Algorithm for the Treatment ... Nonpharmacologic Treatments ... Pharmacologic Treatments ... nalfurafine 2.5 mcg ... #management #nephrology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure Pathophysiology: Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... Ferritin 100-299 ng/mL ... functional ID) Treatment ... composite endpoint of all-cause
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