31 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Lymphoma: NHL, CML ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypotension / Shock Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic:
 • Poor oral intake
 • Hemorrhage
 • Renal loss
 •
Differential Diagnosis ... valvulopathy • Pulmonary ... obstruction • Pulmonary ... Anaphylaxis • Adrenal ... #Hypotension #Differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... - Hypotension, shock ... seen in PRIMARY adrenal ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Myeloid Leukemia (CML ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Framework Pre-Renal ... , Distributive Shock ... , HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Kidney #Injury #Differential