79 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... diagnosis #sodium #low ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid