40 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Alkalosis Step 3 - Compensation ... compensation ... • Respiratory compensation ... Metabolic acidosis ... Acetazolamide Causes
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
pH < 7.35) • Metabolic ... Acidosis (HCO3 ... • Respiratory Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Compensation
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis Causes ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
hyperkalemia? ... patients with hyperkalemia ... acidosis? ... patients with a metabolic ... acidosis?
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... acidosis • Succinylcholine ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... acidosis 4) Presentation ... Aspirin #Toxicity #Toxicology ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Occult Causes of Non-Response to Vasopressors

vital disclaimer: the cognitive response to hypotension should not be reaching
hypotension is treatment ... non-responders: - acidosis ... occult bleeding - toxicologic ... - 2nd cause shock ... #Differential #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes