19 results
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
on the left Myeloblast ... Differential Diagnosis ... Even with normal WBC ... counts may delay diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... of UTI, urine WBCs ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Cellular Casts: • RBC ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
- Differential Diagnosis ... Sterile pyuria, WBC ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Sediment (dysmorphic RBC ... , RBC casts, +/- ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... you confirmed diagnosis ... microscopy for WBCs ... simplified #workup #diagnosis ... #nephrology