21 results
Argyll-Robertson Pupil on Physical Exam
Small (myotic), irregular pupil that do not react to light but do
Argyll-Robertson ... Physical Exam Small (myotic ... Medicalknowled1 #Argyll ... clinical #video #neurology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... receptor Distal renal ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Renal involvement in 35% of mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis 
Associated with : 
 • Absence of skin
Renal involvement ... Mean eGFR - 39.5 mL ... /min • <60 mL/ ... TerrierBen #Renal ... Cryoglobulinemic #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
• Increased renal ... Hypoperfusion • Reduced renal ... release • ↓ Cl ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/Cl ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... mostly ATN and pre-renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
Injury • Pre-Renal ... Membranous GN, MCD ... diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
function (eGFR < 60 ml ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... hypoperfusion Post-Renal ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... (GFR 20-50 ml/min ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology