29 results
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) - Toxicology

Clinical presentation
 - Symptoms of GHB toxicity include: short term anterograde amnesia,
presentation - Symptoms ... of GHB toxicity ... within 4-8h - Seizures ... hallucinations and seizure ... GHB #Toxicology #Toxicity
Alcohol Withdrawal Timeline
Minor withdrawal (6 to 36 hours) - Tremulousness, mild anxiety, headache, diaphoresis, palpitations, gastrointestinal
normal mental status ... • Seizures (6 ... generalized tonic-clonic seizures ... postictal period; status ... Withdrawal #Timeline #etoh
Diagnostic Algorithm for the Patient with Seizure in the Emergency Department
Does the history suggest a seizure?
the Patient with Seizure ... history suggest a seizure ... of additional symptoms ... Characterize seizure ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Seizure
Beta-Blocker Overdose/toxicity:

•	Bradycardia & hypotension (most common).
•	Myocardial depression & cardiogenic shock (severe overdoses). 
•	Ventricular dysrhythmias (Common with
Beta-Blocker Overdose/toxicity ... Others (mental status ... change, seizure ... Nearly all develop symptoms ... • Delayed toxicity
Alcohol Use Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Tolerance (reduced sensitivity to effects of EtOH)
 •
to effects of EtOH ... exacerbated by EtOH ... • Withdrawal symptoms ... tremor, insomnia, seizure ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis 
- Most comrnon CNS infection in patients with AIDS 
who are not receiving appropriate
Altered mental status ... • Seizure ... pyrimethamine-induced hematologic toxicity
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
2) Presence of symptoms ... nausea, confusion, seizures ... Assessment of volume status
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... altered mental status ... lethargy, coma, seizure
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Altered Mental Status ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... Drug (-): • ETOH
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... • Headache • Seizures ... Neurological symptoms ... Constipation, Seizures ... 2-3 mEq/L • Seizures