43 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... turnover • Acute ... • Hemolytic anemia ... End-stage renal disease
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... , Liver diseases ... Malignant tumors, Acute ... , Liver diseases ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Blood Loss • Acute ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Disease • Marrow ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Pathophysiology ... Signs and Symptoms ... but elevated as disease ... pregnancy, Cardiac diseases ... , IgG4 related disease
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
Summary Clinical Signs ... demineralization) • Renal disease ... hypercalcemia) • Anemia ... plus one of: • Anemia ... Diagnosis #Management #oncology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
transform into a RBC ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Index > 3: • Acute ... , Intrinsic RBC
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... with systemic diseases ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Artifact (redo CBC ... Infectious: • Acute ... disorders • Celiac disease ... Iron deficiency anemia
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Presentation: Subacute-Acute ... • Rare: DAH, acute ... , Anaphylaxis, Acute ... management #hematology #oncology
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Bandemia Overview ... • Autoimmune diseases ... 21% had normal WBC ... #CBC #hematology ... #pathophysiology