158 results
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholestatic Liver Disease ... : Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis vs Primary ... pathophysiology #pbc ... #psc #hepatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... anemia (sometimes ... Sideroblastic anemia ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Diagnosis Algorithm Signs ... of anemia and hemolysis ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... associated autoimmune disease ... of autoimmune disease ... #PBC #Primary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... Signs and Symptoms ... but elevated as disease ... , IgG4 related disease ... malignancy #Primary
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... differential #diagnosis #calcium
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... with systemic diseases ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... endocrinology #PTH #Primary
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Reticulocytosis • Primary ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... #Normocytic #Anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... , Liver diseases ... cells - Renal diseases ... , Liver diseases ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC