131 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
convoluted tubule (PCT ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... Tubules #Table #Pharmacology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism - Decreased activity ... (V2) receptor activity ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action and Side Effects
 • Decr spinal cord activity -> Muscle relaxant
Decr spinal cord activity ... amygdala-centered circuit activity ... cerebral cortex activity ... Benzodiazepines #Psychiatry #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Ivermectin. Old anti-parasitic agent making a comeback with recent headlines from in-vitro study that showed antiviral
Old anti-parasitic ... showed antiviral activity ... EmergencyMedicine #Pharmacology
Strongyloides fuelleborni Lifecycle
Free-Living Cycle
1) Eggs containing rhabditiform larvae passed in feces.
2) Rhabditiform larvae hatch in environment.
Parasitic Cycle ... become adults. 8) Parasitic ... intestine 9) Parasitic ... fuelleborni #LifeCycle #Parasite ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Patterns of Diseases on MRI FLAIR - Differential Diagnosis
ADEM, Adreno-leukodystrophy, CADASIL, CNS, Lymphoma, High-Grade Glioma, HIV
- Differential Diagnosis ... Migraine, MS: Active ... Tumefactive, NMO, PRES, PML ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Diarrhea Workup and Management Algorithm in Transplant Patients
First Tier Microbiologic-Testing:
1. C. difficile PCR (Stool)
2. CMV qPCR
C. difficile PCR ... Norovirus PCR (Stool ... consider multiplex PCR ... Ova and Parasite ... Algorithm #Transplant #diagnosis
Magnesium Absorption and Pathophysiology 
Magnesium Absorption: 
 • absorbed in the GIT — small intestine, Saturable
Absorption and Pathophysiology ... intestine, Saturable active ... reabsorbed in PCT ... Magnesium #Absorption #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... : plasma renin activity ... #Differential #Diagnosis