28 results
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
- Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... Interstitial Nephritis ... #KidneyInjury # ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Torsemide) • Acute ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... insipidus • Primary
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... casts are seen in acute ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... syndrome ("Maltese ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... suppression • Primary
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... suppression • Primary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... , Bartter's syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology