68 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Compensation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Xanthine -> Uric Acid ... (low urinary excretion ... Urate Nephropathy (low
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Tubular Poisons (Low ... like lactic acid ... and keto-acids) ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Defining the cause ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Environmental:
 • Toxin (organic solvents, mercury, lead)
 •
Causes of Recurrent ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... hyperthyroidism • PCOS ... #Causes #Obstetrics
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... diagnosis #sodium #low