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diagnosis differential management extravascular hemolysis mds myelodysplastic purpura rheumatology syndrome algorithm arterial bruising clots dermatology disseminated emergencies hemeonc hemolytic leukemia
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... coagulation (DIC ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Causes of Extravascular ... • PCH • PNH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... • MAHA (TTP, DIC ... #Hematology
Causes of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework STRUCTURAL: - PFO: paradoxical emboli - Popliteal
Causes of Arterial ... artery aneurysm: Causes ... - Disseminated intravascular ... coagulation (DIC ... neoplasms - PNH
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Disseminated Intravascular ... Coagulation (DIC ... Treat primary cause ... #causes #treatment ... #management #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
marrow disease - DIC ... - Hemolytic anemia ... Defects: • DIC ... deficiencies - PNH ... Purpura Fulminans (DIC
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... anemia Treatment ... #Anemia #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia - Increased platelet destruction
Causes of Purpura ... purpura - DIC ... (disseminated intravascular ... coagulation) ... Acquired - Aplastic
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
syndrome): - Hematologic ... G6PD first) DIC ... (disseminated intravascular ... coagulation): ... Treat underlying cause
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... - infiltrates (anemia ... Fibrinolysis & DIC ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
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