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diagnosis differential management extravascular hemolysis mds myelodysplastic syndrome algorithm arterial bruising clots coagulation emergencies hemeonc hemolytic leukemia myelodysplasia oncologic pediatrics
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... ): - Disseminated ... (DIC) - HELLP ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Causes of Extravascular ... • PCH • PNH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... • MAHA (TTP, DIC ... #Hematology
Causes of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework STRUCTURAL: - PFO: paradoxical emboli - Popliteal
Causes of Arterial ... artery aneurysm: Causes ... endocarditis) - Disseminated ... intravascular coagulation ... neoplasms - PNH
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Disseminated Intravascular ... Treat primary cause ... #Disseminated # ... #diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... anemia Treatment ... #Anemia #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia - Increased platelet destruction
Causes of Purpura ... purpura - DIC ... (disseminated intravascular ... Acquired - Aplastic ... Purpura #Bruising #Causes
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... syndrome): - Hematologic ... G6PD first) DIC ... (disseminated intravascular ... Treat underlying cause
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... - infiltrates (anemia ... Fibrinolysis & DIC ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
• Anemia • Aplastic ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... marrow studies Treatment ... Syndromes #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
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