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causes algorithm hypokalemia management potassium medications metabolic low alkalosis workup hyponatremia polyuria sodium syndrome drugs hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypomagnesemia neurology table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... #Nephrology #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Workup ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
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