17 results
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Plasmodium Falciparum ... Blood Smear. ... P. falciparum causes ... ~75% of human malaria ... #microbiology #malaria
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... Bartonella, Babesia, Malaria ... , spider/snake bites ... Intravascular Causes ... classification #hematology
Hydroxychloroquine Serum Measurement in SLE
 • Terminal elimination half-life = 40 days ([HCQI reflects long-term intake)
intake) • Target blood ... Insufficient blood ... • Special cases ... Measurement #SLE #rheumatology ... pharmacology #levels #lupus
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Causes of Diffuse ... • Systemic Lupus ... • Insect Bites ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology #Oncology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... Manifestations: Malar ... , oral ulcers, Lupus ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... Management #Summary #rheumatology
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
cases, drug-dependent ... & NPSLE rare, Malar ... Discontinuation of causal ... Manifestations: Malar ... comparison #table #rheumatology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Manifestations of Systemic Lupus ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... Diagnosis of Lupus ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... • Infections: Malaria ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous ... Subacute cutaneous lupus ... hair follicles -> causes ... inflammation on skin -> Malar ... endothelium) & Decr blood
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Phagocytosis of blood ... Leishmaniosis, malaria ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... 100 mg/m2) : in case ... treatment #summary #rheumatology