33 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... due to decreased urinary ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... • Renal potassium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... Zona Glomerulosa: Primary ... Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... - Plasma or urinary ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Primary hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease) – symptoms, signs

#Diagnosis #Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease #Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Primary hypoadrenalism ... , signs #Diagnosis ... Hypoadrenalism #Signs ... #Symptoms ** ... Basic and Clinical Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... or normal): • Primary ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Primary and secondary ... eosinophilia Primary ... nervous system symptoms ... Insufficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #Adrenal