22 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... intoxication #Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... or normal): • Primary ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... • Renal potassium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Symptoms and Signs of Hypocalcemia
Muscular: Weakness, fatigue, Spasms, cramps
Neurologic: Tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, Circumoral and
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypocalcemia ... secretion #Hypocalcemia ... #Symptoms #Signs ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Primary and secondary ... eosinophilia Primary ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Insufficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #Adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... of nucleotides Primary ... • Chronic renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology