108 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Elevation and Reduction ... Transfusions == False Reduction ... • Hemolytic anemia ... False #Elevation #Reduction ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... - Differential ... Decreased RBC Production ... #Classification ... #Approach #Differential
Causes of Aplastic Anemia

#Aplastic #Anemia #Causes #Pathophysiology #Pathology #Treatment #Management #Differential
Causes of Aplastic Anemia ... #Aplastic #Anemia ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... #Pathology #Treatment ... #Management #Differential
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Increased red cell production ... breakdown • Anaemia ... Hemolysis #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #Algorithm #Differential
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) - Differential ... Poisoning • Anemia ... #MCV #Classification ... #Differential #
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Reticulocyte Production ... particular degree of anemia ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... #Reticulocyte #Production ... #differential #
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
• chronic anæmia ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Right #Shift #Differential
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... • Blood smear: Differential ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... for Hemolytic Anemia ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #causes #classification
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
, Amyloidosis, Resection ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... Deficiency #Cobalamin #differential