60 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Chvostek's Sign - Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia

Chvostek's sign is described as the twitching of facial muscles
Chvostek's Sign ... Chvostek's sign ... persons with normal calcium ... #Chvosteks #Signs ... Video #Clinical #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
PHPT • Serum calcium ... • Evidence of renal ... nephrocalcinosis, 24h urine calcium ... risk, impaired renal ... Indications #PHPT #endocrinology
Thyroid Eye Signs 
Lid Signs
    Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.
    Von
(Figure 1) ... (Figure 1) ... (Figure 2) ... (Figure 3) ... #EPONYMS #ENDOCRINOLOGY
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... Hyperparathyroidism: ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... Hyperparathyroidism: ↑↑PTH, ↑Calcium ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Hyperuricemia, Renal ... to treat heart failure ... Calculi #Types #Renal
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Intake • Chronic Renal ... Failure • Stress ... Production • Renal ... Cancer or Failure ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Chvostek Sign on Physical Exam

Young man presented with history of fatigue, muscle cramps and features suggestive
Chvostek Sign on ... total and ionized calcium ... #Chvostek #Sign ... #Hypocalcemia #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypokalemia • Renal ... Abnormalities of calcium ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs