24 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Other Familial Hypercalcemias ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
Intravenous fluids • Renal ... failure - Dialvsis ... hydroxide • Hyperkalemia ... treatment • Hypocalcemia ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... failure, acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Chronic Renal ... Failure • ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... failure • ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure → ... Treatment #algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Clinical Signs ... : • hyperCalcemia ... demineralization) • Renal ... nephropathy and hypercalcemia
BRASH Syndrome

B - Bradycardia
R - Renal failure
A - AV nodal blockade
S - Shock
H - Hyperkalemia

Typical ECG
Bradycardia R - Renal ... failure A - AV ... S - Shock H - Hyperkalemia ... other findings of hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
Symptoms and Signs of Hypocalcemia
Muscular: Weakness, fatigue, Spasms, cramps
Neurologic: Tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, Circumoral and
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypocalcemia ... Cardiovascular: Heart failure ... secretion #Hypocalcemia ... #diagnosis #endocrinology