29 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Algorithm Primary ... Drug-induced • High ... • Diabetic acidosis ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... #causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... excretion • Acute ... Supplementation (oral/iv ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... herpes virus or HIV ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
AlgorithmIV ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... Consider Dialysis Serum ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology