23 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Central diabetes insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... low, uric acid ... and uric acid low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Uric Acid - Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Density of water SG ... hydration • Diabetes insipidus ... to ADH) • ATN SG ... Interpretation #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
How much sodium ... saline = 0.9% sodium ... mg Na A 1 oz. bag ... about as much sodium ... normal #saline #ns #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... nutrition), Azotemia LOW ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... Polydipsia #Polyuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential