10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... Acute tubular injury ... also be seen if urine ... acute tubular injury ... • Crystals -
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential ... Obstruction to urinary ... Intrarenal: stones, crystals ... #Injury #AKI #Differential
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... #Urinalysis #crystals
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
causing Acute Kidney ... Bactrim), NSAIDs • Crystal ... contraction, and/or ↑ urinary ... sphincter tone: • Opiates ... #pharmacology #differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... , urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) - ... Injury (AKI) - ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... polyangiitis /microscopic
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Approach to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) 1 ... circulating volume, Urinary ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... , crystals, protein
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Upper and Lower urinary
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... - Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... pre-renal) - Urinary