309 results
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... 2) LOOK FOR a cause ... Rituximab +++ 3 - Splenectomy
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... phenotype, Post-splenectomy ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Hemoglobinopathies, Post-splenectomy
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... #Normocytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Common RBC Inclusions and Associations
 • Howell Jolly Bodies: Hyposplenism, Asplenism, Severe hemolytic anemia
 • Heinz
Common RBC Inclusions ... Severe hemolytic anemia ... , Hemolytic anemia ... , Post-splenectomy ... Sickle cell, MDS #RBC
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... intoxication, Post-splenectomy ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Algorithm Signs of anemia ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... #Hemolytic #Anemias
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Artifact (redo CBC ... Other: • Post-splenectomy ... Iron deficiency anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... == Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... Glucose Content • RBC ... • Hemolytic anemia
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Microscopy and Casts ... - Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... - WBC Cast - ... RBC Cast - Fatty