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diagnosis differential algorithm management potassium hyperkalemia metabolic pathophysiology hypokalemia kidney low medications acidosis blood complications hypomagnesemia hyponatremia nephrolithiasis neurology nongap
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
- Low sodium diet ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Protein diet ... Protein diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Treat with a high ... solute/protein diet ... • Renal Failure ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 - Failure of secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... proximal features and high ... salt diet #Renal ... classification #nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Hyperuricosuria • High ... salt intake • High ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... non-invasive - High ... for ureteric and renal ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... Potassium-rich diet ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... Hematuria: • Stone ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Drug-induced • High ... purine diet Secondary ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... endocrinology #causes
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