13 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Other humoral syndromes ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... #VitaminD #causes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Gilbert's Syndrome ... Dilatation on Ultrasound ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hepatology #bilirubinemia
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Testicular Mass on Ultrasound
 • Adrenal Neoplasm
 • Increased Extraglomerular Aromatase
- Differential Diagnosis ... Klinefelter's Syndrome ... • Kallman's Syndrome ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Gammopathies C - HyperCalcemia ... Causes of false- ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... (HRS) - Diagnostic ... , Normal renal ultrasound ... #diagnosis #HRSAKI ... #HRSNAKI #hepatology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... White-coat syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
: Most Common Cause ... Adrenalitis Other causes ... Hyperkalemia is ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... #Management #Endocrinology